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An alphabetical listing of General terms and items. A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

Sac   A pouch or bladder. Saccate   Having a sac. Sagittate   Shaped like an arrowhead, usually referring to leaves in which two basal lobes are directed backward and downward. Saline   Salty. Salverform   Having a slender tube abruptly expanded into a flat limb, like a Phlox blossom. Samara   An indehiscent, winged fruit. Saprophyte   A plant which grows on and derives nourishment from a dead plant or organic matter. Sarmentose   Producing slender, often, prostrate, runners or branches. Scaberulous   Minutely scabrous. Scabrid   Slightly roughened. Scabridulous   Minutely scabrous. Scabrous   Rough; harsh to the touch. Scale   Generally a thin, sometimes scarious, much reduced, leaf, bract, or perianth part. Scalloped   Said of margins marked by a series of circular or arc-shaped teeth or projections. Scape   A leafless flowering stem arising directly from the ground; or, such a stem which possesses minute scale-like leaves much smaller than the basal leaves. Scapose   Having or appearing to have a scape. Scarious   Typically, thin, dry, papery or membranous; usually not green. Schizocarp   A pericarp which splits into two to several one-seeded portions, termed mericarps or nutlets. Scurfy   Bearing mealy or bran-like granules or scales. Secondary   Once removed from primary, which see. Back to top Secund   Arranged or oriented along one side of an axis, typically referring to the flowers of an inflorescence. Segment   One of the units of a leaf or perianth that is divided but not fully compound. Senescent   Growing old; aging. Sepal   A segment of the calyx. Sepaloid   Of the texture of, or resembling, a sepal. Septate   Divided by partitions. Septicidal   Referring to capsules which dehisce through the side walls or partitions, not opening directly into the locule. Septum   Any kind of partition. Sericeous   With silky hairs. Seriform   Having the form of a bristle. Serotinous   Produced late in the season; late to open; having cones that remain closed long after the seeds are ripe. Serrate   With sharp, typically forward-pointing, teeth. Serrated   Notched on the edge like a saw. Serrulate   Minutely serrate. Sessile   Without a stalk. Setaceous   Bristle-like. Setose   Beset with bristles. Setulose   Having minute bristles. Sheath   A tubular structure effected by the formation of leaf margins around the stem. Shrub   A woody plant, typically smaller than a tree, and typified as being branched from the base with two or more main stems. Back to top Silicle   A short silique. Silique   A specialized capsule in which a frame-like placenta or partition separates the two valves, most often occurring in the mustard family. Simple   Not compound, a term usually applied to leaves; also, referring to a stem without branches or modifications. Simple Leaf   An undivided leaf. Sinuate   Wavy. Sinus   A cleft or dissection between two lobes. Solitary   Alone; single. Sordid   Appearing dirty; definitely not white. Sorus   Specifically, in ferns, the clusters or discrete aggregations of sporangia. Spadix   An inflorescence spike typified by a very fleshy axis. Spathe   A foliaceous bract-like or sheathiform structure enclosing or partly enclosing an inflorescence. Spathiform   Resembling a spathe. Spatulate   Strongly dilated or expanded toward the distal end; spoon-shaped. Species   A group of like individuals, as white pine or bur oak. Spicate   Arranged in, or resembling, a spike. Spiciform   Spike-like. Spicule   A hard point or protuberance, typically on a leaf margin. Spike   An unbranched inflorescence in which the flowers are sessile or subsessile along an elongate axis. Spikelet   A secondary or small spike; specifically, in the Poaceae family, the unit composed or one or two glumes subtending one to several sets of lemma and palea combinations. Spine   A sharp, stiff, often slender, process; a thorn. Back to top Spinescent   Ending in a spine, or bearing a spine. Spinose   Having spines; spiny. Spinulose   With minute spines or stiff bristles. Spontaneous   Growing wild, without cultivation. Sporangium   Spore-producing structure. Spore   An asexual, one-loculed propagule of ferns and fern allies. Sporocarp   The fruit case of certain flowerless plants, containing sporangia or spores. Sporophyll   A foliar organ upon which sporangia are produced. Spreading   When the petals of a flower are at right angles with the central column. Spur   An extended sac at the base of a corolla; a short branchlet with a very compact arrangement of leaf scars. Squarrose   Pertaining typically to perianth or involucral segments which bend outward or downward at the tip. Stalk   The stem of any organ, as the petiole, peduncle, pedicel, filament, or stipe. Stamen   Pollen-producing structure comprised of the anther and the filament. Staminate   Referring either to plants, inflorescences, or flowers which bear stamens but not pistils. Staminodium   A sterile stamen, or any structure lacking an anther but which corresponds to a stamen. Standard   The upper, dilated or expanded, petal in a papilionaceous flower. Stellate   Star-shaped, usually in reference to hairs which are branched, forked or divided into two to several rays. Stem   The main axis or principal shoot of a plant. Sterile   Incapable of reproducing sexually; also, referring to soil, very poor in nutrients. Stigma   That part of the pistil receptive to pollen. Back to top Stipe   A small connecting stalk; sometimes a small stalk which elevates the pistil or flower above the receptacle or pedicel; also, the petiole of a fern frond or of Lemna. Stipel   An appendage of a leaflet analogous to a stipule. Stipitate   Stalked, as defined above under stipe. Stipular   Belonging to stipules. Stipulate   With stipules. Stipule   An appendage or bract situated at either side of a leaf axil. Stipules   Small leaves, always in pairs at the base of a leaf-stalk. Stipuliform   Resembling a stipule. Stolon   A horizontal, prostrate, running branch or stem, often tending to root at the nodes. Stoloniferous   Having stolons. Stoma   A minute orifice between two guard cells in a leaf epidermis, through which gaseous exchange is effected -- plural stomata. Stramineous   Tan or straw-colored. Striate   Beset with fine, longitudinal lines or grooves. Strigillose   Minutely strigose. Strigose   Pubescent with appressed hairs. Strigulose   Minutely strigose. Strobile   An inflorescence, often, but not always, indurated or woody, characterized by a series of imbricated scales; a cone. Style   A usually slender stalk connecting the stigma with the ovary. Stylopodium   A disk-like expansion of the base of the style, with the term often meaning to include the style as well. Submersed   Found under water. Back to top Subtend   Referring to any structure situated at the base of another structure. Subterranean   Below the ground. Subulate   Awl-shaped. Subulus   A small point or bristle. Succulent   Very fleshy and juicy. Sucker   A rapidly growing shoot developing from an underground root or stem Suckers   Vegetative shoots from a proliferating root system. Suifruticose   Nearly or slightly woody. Compare fruticose. Sulcate   Grooved or furrowed lengthwise. Superior   Referring to an organ which stands above or appears over or higher than another similar organ; or in reference to an ovary, free from the calyx. Supra-axillary   Borne above the axil. Suture   A seam or union between partitions; a line of dehiscence as in a follicle or capsule. Symmetrical   Regular as to the number of its parts and their shape. Sympatric   Occupying the same region. Sympetalous   With petals united, at least at the base. Sympodial   A determinate inflorescence that simulates an indeterminate inflorescence, as if a scorpioid cyme were straight rather than circinate; or when an alternate-leaved plant's branching pattern mimics an opposite-leaved plant, producing forked branching. Syncarp   A multiple fruit (usually fleshy), typified by the mulberry group. Synecology   Referring to the total ecology of a given plant community or community complex. Back to top